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Shadow accounting refers to a parallel or supplementary accounting system maintained by investment managers or financial institutions to track and monitor the performance and transactions of certain investment portfolios or funds. This additional accounting system runs alongside the primary accounting system and is often used for specific purposes such as compliance, risk management, or performance evaluation.

What is shadow accounting?

Shadow accounting is a term commonly used in the investment management industry. It refers to the practice of maintaining a parallel or supplementary accounting system alongside the primary accounting system. The purpose of shadow accounting is to provide an independent verification and validation of the primary accounting records, transactions, and calculations.

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What is the negative impact of shadow accounting on sales teams?

While shadow accounting itself does not directly impact sales teams, there could be indirect effects depending on how it's implemented within an organization. For example:

  • Resource allocation: If significant resources are diverted towards maintaining shadow accounting systems, it might lead to reduced resources available for other departments, potentially affecting sales teams if budget constraints impact marketing or sales initiatives.
  • Communication challenges: If there's a lack of clarity or communication regarding the purpose and procedures of shadow accounting within the organization, it could lead to misunderstandings or conflicts between different departments, including sales teams.
  • Performance evaluation: In some cases, if sales performance metrics are tied to financial data that's reconciled through shadow accounting, discrepancies or delays in reporting could impact sales teams' ability to accurately assess their performance and incentives.

What is the history of shadow accounting and sales commission?

The history of shadow accounting and sales commission is intertwined with the evolution of business practices, particularly in industries where sales performance plays a significant role. Here's a brief overview:

  • Early business practices: In the early days of commerce, sales transactions were often recorded manually in ledgers or journals. However, the lack of standardized accounting practices meant that tracking sales commissions or incentives was rudimentary, if it existed at all.
  • Emergence of sales commissions: As businesses grew and diversified, the concept of incentivizing sales performance through commissions became more prevalent. Salespeople were offered financial rewards based on their ability to generate revenue or secure deals for the company.
  • Development of accounting systems: With the industrial revolution and advancements in technology, businesses began to adopt more sophisticated accounting systems to manage their finances. These systems allowed for more accurate tracking of sales transactions, including commissions payable to sales representatives.
  • Introduction of shadow accounting: As companies expanded and sales operations became more complex, the need for independent verification of sales commission calculations arose. Shadow accounting emerged as a parallel accounting system maintained alongside the primary accounting system to verify the accuracy of sales commission calculations and ensure transparency.
  • Regulatory changes: Over time, regulatory requirements governing financial reporting and compensation practices evolved, prompting businesses to implement more robust controls and oversight mechanisms. Shadow accounting became a valuable tool for compliance monitoring, enabling companies to demonstrate adherence to regulatory standards.
  • Technological advances: The advent of digital technology and computerized accounting systems revolutionized the way businesses manage their finances, including sales commission calculations. Automated software solutions now facilitate the tracking, calculation, and reporting of sales commissions, reducing the reliance on manual processes and enhancing accuracy.
  • Integration with sales performance management: Today, shadow accounting is often integrated with sales performance management systems, allowing businesses to monitor sales performance, calculate commissions, and analyze sales data in real-time. This integration helps companies optimize their sales strategies, incentivize performance, and drive business growth.

What funds are used under shadow accounting for verification, risk management, and investor communication?

Under shadow accounting, various funds and strategies can be used to achieve different objectives such as verification, risk management, and investor communication. Here are some examples:

  • Verification Fund: A verification fund is a separate investment vehicle or account specifically designated for verifying the accuracy and completeness of transactions and performance reported by the primary fund or investment manager.

    Investors may allocate a portion of their assets to the verification fund, which operates independently from the primary fund but mirrors its investment strategy and holdings.

    By comparing the results of the primary fund with those of the verification fund, investors can verify the accuracy of reported data and ensure transparency.
  • Risk Management Fund: A risk management fund focuses on managing and mitigating risks associated with investments in the primary fund or portfolio. This fund may employ hedging strategies, diversification techniques, or other risk management tools to protect against market volatility, credit risk, or other sources of potential losses.

    By allocating assets to a risk management fund, investors can reduce their overall exposure to risk while maintaining exposure to the primary fund's underlying investments.
  • Communication Fund: A communication fund serves as a vehicle for communicating investment performance, strategy updates, and other relevant information to investors. This fund may provide regular reports, updates, or meetings to keep investors informed about the progress and activities of the primary fund or portfolio.

    By allocating assets to a communication fund, investors can access timely and transparent communication from the investment manager, fostering trust and confidence in the investment process.

What is shadow accounting in hedge fund?

This additional accounting system is often operated by the hedge fund's investors or a third-party service provider and serves several purposes:

  • Verification and transparency: Shadow accounting provides investors with an independent verification of the hedge fund's performance, positions, and transactions. By maintaining separate records from the fund's internal accounting system, investors can verify the accuracy and integrity of the reported data, enhancing transparency and trust.
  • Risk management: Hedge fund investors use shadow accounting to monitor and analyze the risks associated with their investments in real-time. By comparing the results from the primary and shadow accounting systems, investors can identify discrepancies or anomalies that may indicate increased risk exposure or potential operational issues within the fund.
  • Compliance monitoring: Shadow accounting helps ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and investment guidelines. Investors can independently verify that the hedge fund is adhering to relevant regulations and contractual agreements, detecting any violations or discrepancies that may require corrective action.
  • Performance evaluation: Shadow accounting enables investors to evaluate the performance of their investments in the hedge fund accurately. By providing detailed information on returns, contributions from various strategies, and other performance metrics, shadow accounting helps investors assess the effectiveness of their allocation decisions and overall investment strategy.

Sondaggi sul polso dei dipendenti:

Si tratta di brevi sondaggi che possono essere inviati frequentemente per verificare rapidamente cosa pensano i vostri dipendenti di un argomento. Il sondaggio comprende un numero ridotto di domande (non più di 10) per ottenere rapidamente le informazioni. Possono essere somministrati a intervalli regolari (mensili/settimanali/trimestrali).

Incontri individuali:

Organizzare riunioni periodiche di un'ora per una chiacchierata informale con ogni membro del team è un modo eccellente per farsi un'idea reale di ciò che sta accadendo. Poiché si tratta di una conversazione sicura e privata, aiuta a ottenere maggiori dettagli su un problema.

eNPS:

L'eNPS (employee Net Promoter score) è uno dei metodi più semplici ma efficaci per valutare l'opinione dei dipendenti sulla vostra azienda. Include una domanda intrigante che misura la fedeltà. Un esempio di domande eNPS è il seguente: Quanto è probabile che raccomandi la nostra azienda ad altri? I dipendenti rispondono al sondaggio eNPS su una scala da 1 a 10, dove 10 indica che è "altamente probabile" che raccomandino l'azienda e 1 indica che è "altamente improbabile" che la raccomandino.

In base alle risposte, i dipendenti possono essere classificati in tre diverse categorie:

  • Promotori
    Dipendenti che hanno risposto positivamente o sono d'accordo.
  • Detrattori
    Dipendenti che hanno reagito negativamente o in disaccordo.
  • Passivi
    I dipendenti che sono rimasti neutrali nelle loro risposte.

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